Rangkaian Alarm Freezer Rangkaian Alarm Freezer

Here is a simple freezer alarm circuit, but ultra sensitive with a buzzer. The circuit raises an audio alert when the temperature inside the freezer box goes up above a preset level. The circuit requires 9V dc supply and can power from a standard 9V alkaline battery.
A negative temperature co-efficient type (NTC type) small thermistor (R1) here works as the freezer status sensor. Related components (T1 and T2) are used to drive a 6 to 9V rated mechanical buzzer. When the sensor detects a temperature shoot, the buzzer starts beeping and remains in that condition, till power to the circuit is removed. For this on/off plus reset function any small dc toggle switch can be inserted at the positive rail.

Skema Rangkaian Alarm Freezer

Read More --►

Skema Rangkaian Indikator Ketinggian Air Skema Rangkaian Indikator Ketinggian Air

Skema Rangkaian Indikator Ketinggian Air

By means of a Relay, employed to drive a water pump, this circuit provides automatic level control of a water reservoir or well.

Skema Rangkaian Indikator Ketinggian Air

Note:

• The two steel rods must be supported by a small insulated (wooden or plastic) board.
• The circuit can be used also with non-metal tanks, provided a third steel rod having about the same height of the tank will be added and connected to the circuit's negative ground.

The shorter steel rod is the "water high" sensor, whereas the longer is the "water low" sensor. When the water level is below both sensors, IC1C output (pin #10) is low; if the water becomes in contact with the longer sensor the output remains low until the shorter sensor is reached. At this point IC1C output goes high, Q1 conducts, the Relay is energized and the pump starts operating.

Now, the water level begins to decrease and the shorter sensor will be no longer in contact with the water, but IC1C output will be hold high by the signal return to pin #5 of IC1B, so the pump will continue its operation. But when the water level falls below the longer sensor, IC1C output goes low and the pump will stop.

SW1 is optional and was added to provide reverse operation. Switching SW1 in order to connect R3 to pin #11 of IC1D, the pump will operate when the reservoir is nearly empty and will stop when the reservoir is full. In this case, the pump will be used to fill the reservoir and not to empty it as in the default operating mode.

List Component

• R1,R2: 15K 1/4W Resistors
• R3: 10K 1/4W Resistor
• R4: 1K 1/4W Resistor
• D1: LED
• D2: 1N4148 Diode
• IC1: 4001
• Q1: BC337 NPN Transistor
• SW1: witch
• RL1: Relay with SPDT 2A @ 230V switch, Coil Voltage 12V

Read More --►

Rangkaian Level Air Rangkaian Level Air

Gambar 1. Skema Rangkaian Level Air

Rakaian level air adalah rangkaian elektronika yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi tingkat ketinggian air yang mana pada level tertentu akan menghidupkan pompa air secara otomatis. Sehingga dengan bantuan alat ini anda tidak perlu sibuk untuk menyalakan atau mematikan pompa air pada saat penampungan penuh ataupun kosong. Mungkin kalau hanya
untuk keperluan rumah tangga skala kecil, rangkaian level air ini tidak terlalu berguna. Tetapi jika untuk keperluan yang lebih besar seperti industri rumah tangga dan pabrik-pabrik skala besar maka alat ini akan menjamin ketersediaan supply air kapanpun dibutuhkan. Hal ini karena bak penampungan ataupun tedmont akan selalu berada pada posisi yang selalu tersedia air.

Prinsip kerja dari rangkaian level air ini cukup sederhana yakni mengkondisikan supaya air selalu tersedia didalam bak penampungan dengan menyalakan pompa pada saat air akan habis dan mematikan pompa pada saat bak penampungan telah penuh. Tugas untuk mengetahui posisi air di dalam penampungan adalah dilakukan oleh 4 buah kawat level sebagai sensor (pada gambar 2). Ke-empat kawat tersebut diposisikan bertingkat dari yang berada mendekati dasar penampungan hingga pada posisi teratas. 

 

Gambar 2. Kawat Probe

Komponen yang dibutuhkan untuk rangkaian level air atau pompa air otomatis :

Resistor :

R1 : 100K

R2 : 100K

R3 : 100K

R4 : 2,2K

R5 : 2,2K

R6 : 2,2K

R7 : 10K

R8 : 100K

R9 : 1 K

R10 : 10K

R11 : 220 Ohm

R12 : 220 Ohm

R13 : 4,7 K

Kapasitor :

C1 : 0,01 uf

C2 : 100 uf

Transistor :

Q1 sd Q4 : BC 546

Q5 & Q6 : PN 2222

Dioda :

D4 : IN4007

Led : D1 sd D4

Integrated Circuit

IC NE555

Relay 9 volt 

Pompa Air

Catatan :

• Power Supply yang digunakan adalah DC 12 Volt
• Probe dibuat dengan menggunakan 4 utas kawat ( kawat : A, B, C dan D )
• Pompa air sesuai kebutuhan
• Relay 9v atau 12v yang digunakan hendaknya mempunyai dispasi daya yang cukup untuk mensaklarkan besarnya arus motor listrik jala2 PLN 220 Vac.

Read More --►

Rangkaian Saklar Tepuk (Clap Switch Circuit) Rangkaian Saklar Tepuk (Clap Switch Circuit)

A clap switch circuit is a classic beginner’s project. Equipment can be switched on and off by just clapping your hands. Add a tiny microcontroller and you can easily build-in some more useful features.
The microcontroller in this circuit makes it a simple job to add some useful features that are not seen on other clap switch designs:
 


– Changeover relay contacts enable the unit to be wired in conjunction with a manual changeover switch so
that manual override of the switched equipment is always possible.
– The unit is only responsive to a specific sequence of sounds i.e., two claps within a defined time window.
– A safety feature masks the input for a given time window if misuse (repeated commands) is detected (useful if children have discovered how it works).
The safety feature and two-clap sequence detector can be built using TTL or CMOS flip-flops but by using a single microcontroller the circuit can be greatly simplified. A mains power supply is included so no additional power source is required.
The Microchip flash PIC12F629 microcontroller is a neat device; the small 8-pin package contains a complete microcontroller including clock generator, reset circuitry, Flash ROM, RAM and EEPROM. Two of the eight pins are used for the supply connections while the remaining six are general-purpose I/O pins. A few of these pins have special function like the comparator inputs. The sound sensitivity of the circuit can be adjusted by programming the comparator threshold level in software.

Clap switch COMPONENTS LIST:
Resistors:
R1,R6,R7 = 4kΩ7
R2 = 150kΩ
R3 = 22kΩ
R4 = 10kΩ
R5 = 150Ω
P1 = 100kΩ preset H
Capacitors:
C1 = 220μF 25V radial
C2 = 100nF
C3 = 1μF 16V
Semiconductors:
B1 = B80C1500 (round case, 80V piv, 1.5A)
D1,D2 = 1N4148
D3 = bicolour LED (red/green)
IC1 = 78L05
IC2 = PIC12F629CP, programmed
T1,T2,T3 = BC238 or BC547
Miscellaneous:
JP1 = 2-way pinheader with jumper
K1 = 2-way PCB terminal block, lead pitch 7.5mm
K2 = 3- way PCB terminal block, lead pitch 7.5mm
MIC1 = 2-terminal electret microphone capsule
Re1 = bistable relay, 2 x changeover (e.g., Schrack RT314F12)
Tr1 = mains transformer 1 x 6V, min. 2VA, short-circuit proof (e.g., Marschner VN30.15/10522 or Era 030-7340.0T; Conrad Electronics # 506141)

Read More --►

Rangkaian Pengusir Serangga Rangkaian Pengusir Serangga

Rangkaian ini akan mengeluarkan frekwensi 22 KHz yang akan membuat serangga serangga merasa terganggu, sehingga rangkaian ini bisa digunakan untuk mengusir serangga, baik di rumah maupun di sekeliling rumah anda. Rangkaian ini menggunakan CMOS 4047 sebagai komponen inti. Untuk hasil yang lebih baik, sebaiknya gunakan eksternal power suplly.

Daftar Komponen:

C1............................22 uF

C2............................4n7

IC............................CMOS 4047

Tr1, Tr2...................BC 337

Tr3, Tr4...................BC 327

Pot...........................4k7

Read More --►